Action Research Literature Review - 2754 Words

Executive Summary Action Research believes that Human organizations can only be understood as whole entities (Baskerville, 1999) and that social processes are best to be studied when change is introduced to observe the effects of these. Furthermore, It makes use of a cyclical approach in order for an initial holistic understanding of a social setting. The action research literature has strongly challenged the character of positivism. It is believed that this type of research is derived from a different ontological basis; it tends to a humanistic social practice rather than a traditional natural science. Lewin started with the term ‘action research. His approach to the process is composed of a circle of planning, action and†¦show more content†¦Interpretivism beliefs that the world is socially constructed and subjective, that the observer is part of the what is observed and that science is driven by human interest. Furthermore, interpretivism, like action research, tries to understand what actually is happening by looking at the totality of each situation. Positivism is a research philosophy that involves working with the observable social reality. The emphasis is on highly structured methodology to facilitate replication, and the end product can be law-like generalisations similar to those produced by the physical and natural scientists (Saunders, 2003). The basic beliefs are that the world can be seen as an external and objective object where the observer remains independent. The action research literature has strongly challenged the character of ‘positivist research (Waterman et al, 2001; Hart, 1996; Susman and Evered, 1978). These can be summarised as follows:  § The impossibility of achieving the assumption of objectivity in research findings and outcomes as well as the ability to control a limited number of research variables.  § A critique of the notion of researchers attaining a detached/value free/neutral position and a recognition of the existence of oppressive ideologies and vested interests;  § A questioning of a ‘scientific approach and the features of generalisability,Show MoreRelatedThe Psychological Impact Of Bullying1366 Words   |  6 Pagesneed to find out the cause or causes of the problem before constructing your plan and this is where research comes in. Research conducted to solve issues or problems in schools or educational systems are termed Action Research. After sitting and discussing issues and problems in our education system we decided to tackle the issue of the psychological impact of bullying. The purpose of our action research was to attempt to improve students’ academic performance by trying to lessen or eliminate the occurrencesRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project On Training Curriculum Development1198 Words   |  5 PagesI. INTRODUCTION This capstone project literature review intends among others things, to refine the research ideas, demonstrate awareness of the current state of knowledge on training curriculum development, its limitations and how the research fits in the context of a learning organization. This research process makes a good starting point for the capstone project. The research uses evidence from conceptual theories to database research literature from several learning organizations training Read MoreAmerican Educational System1220 Words   |  5 Pagestopic is how to discipline students. The authors state, â€Å"student responses to teachers’ disciplinary techniques can be unpredictable and require quick reactions on the part of the teacher.† This sets the context for the more specific research problem. b. Research Problem As the title of the article suggests, cultural synchronization between the teacher and the students can be influential in discipline. This is illustrated in the authors’ transcription of an interaction among students and theRead MoreThe Social Aspect Of Family855 Words   |  4 Pagesdetermine your actions against one concept or if it’s just a handful of people that are in your everyday life. One social aspect that draws my attention is the role a person has to play in their family and the social aspects that have to do with the way they think and act. Doing research in social topics can be difficult at times because sometimes you do not know where or how to even begin the research. But in doing research there is one process that is important and that is, a literature review. LiteratureRead MoreSexual Crimes Committed Against Wsv Victims764 Words   |  4 Pagesthe review of literature was wide. Literature was reviewed in the general areas of communications, sexual violence, and cultural studies. The extensive literature review was necessary in order to determine that the research topic, which has factors from so many fields, was not covered in prior research conducted in any of the disciplines. In the area of communications, literature reviewed included that which addressed the issues of journalistic ethics and collective action theory. The review of theRead MoreGlobalization And Mass Migration Is A Diverse And Dynamic Place1208 Words   |  5 Pageseducational research is crucial, so that educational practices and pedagogies are informed by research for the benefit of students’ learning and development. With the increase of refugee background students there has been a need for the implementation and evaluation of strategies and policies in order to establish appropriate ways to engage with the complex issues around refugee background students’ transition to education. This can be seen through the creation of the Refugee Actio n Support ProgramRead MoreUncertainty Risk Trust And Information In Literature Review944 Words   |  4 Pagesand Willingness to Take Action† written by Reneà © J. Johnson and Michael J. Scicchitano in its current form is unfit for publication. Johnson and Scicchitano should be commended for identifying a gap in our ability to accurately quantify the strength and intensity of environmental concerns. This gap is certainly worthy of further study; however, their execution and attempt to quantify this phenomena does not have the necessary wherewithal to close the gap in the literature as it stands. The problemsRead MoreParticipatory Action Research And Explanation1306 Words   |  6 PagesIn the reviewed literature, a case is made for participatory action research and explanation given on its composition and on how it enhances the quality of research (Greenwood et al, 1993). They define participatory action research as a type of research that brings together a member of the organization (insider) and an expert research to carry out the research process. Gibbons et al (1994) talks about the knowledge production mode as well as a number of author later (Huff and Huff, 2001; Huff, 2000;Read MoreLiterature Review On Childhood Trauma Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pages Literature Review Article Critique Jocelyn Claudio Widener University September 25, 2016 Overview The authors of this literature review evaluated studies completed on adults who were 50 years or older and also experienced trauma as a child. They reviewed the impact childhood trauma has on their mental and physical health as older adults. They collected findings from 23 studies that were published between 1996 through 2011 and concluded that childhood trauma did in fact have negativeRead MoreConstruction Industry : Statistics And Policy1344 Words   |  6 Pagesthat research shows that 4-5% of the contract value for residential construction is given over to rework cost. It is clear that the construction industry generates vast amounts of revenue and profits and the cost of reworks is an area where the main contractor or client must meet this cost from their profits or budget and its an issue that has not been rectified. For this reason major contractors are continuously taking actions to rectify this and implemented â€Å"zero defect† policies and action plans

Medea Literary Analysis - 1211 Words

Throughout literary history, authors have categorized mothers as nurturing, critical, and caring; works of literature characterize fathers, however, as providers who must examples for their children and embrace their protective, â€Å"fatherly† instincts. However, many works’ fathers fall short when it comes to acting the role of the ideal dad. Instead of being there for their children, they are away and play very miniscule roles in their children’s lives; instead of protecting he actually ends up hurting their kids. Thus, the paternal literary lens tries to determine whether or not the work’s father figure fits the â€Å"perfect father† archetype. This lens questions whether or not the father figure is his children’s active example, provider, and†¦show more content†¦Though Jason knows his children will leave him, he still makes sure he provides them with a little assurance so they do not initially suffer after they leave him. In addition to providing for his children, Jason also does complete the role of the protector. When Medea goes on her serial killing spree, Jason only knows that she has killed his new wife. Thus, Jason immediately thinks of his children and arrive as the palace â€Å"so [that he may] save the lives / Of [his] boys, in case the royal house should harm them / While taking vengeance for their mother’s wicked deed† (Euripides 391). He knows that the royal family of Corinth might see his sons and want to kill them because they are related to Medea; therefore, Jason wishes to whisk them away to safety before he loses them as well. However, he soon discovers Medea has also killed their sons, and he is absolutely stricken with grief. He mourns for â€Å"the boys whom [he] begot and brought up† and questions Medea on how she could have stomached such an unforgivable and sordid deed (Euripides 391). After many accusations from Medea, Jason then begs to see the sonsâ€℠¢ dead bodies so that he may burry and mourn them, but Medea â€Å"prevents [him] from / Touching their bodies or giving them burial† (Euripides 393). Jason, left without a chance to mourn for the loss of his children, leaves Medea as she blames him for the deaths of their children. Though many criticize Jason’s because he is aShow MoreRelated Aristotle’s Elements of Tragedy1473 Words   |  6 Pagessubjects Aristotle has influenced include: logic, physics, government and poetry. Aristotle’s study of poetry mainly focused on the elements to a good tragedy. Some of his elements have been used in Greek tragedies and modern movies. The Greek play, Medea, and the modern movie, No Country for Old Men, use elements from Aristotle philosophy, while using similar and different techniques but both achieving an effective tragedy. In Aristotle’s book, Poetics, he defines tragedy as, â€Å"an imitation of an actionRead More Comedic Violence in The Medea, The Oresteia, and Antigone Essay2353 Words   |  10 PagesComedic Violence in The Medea, The Oresteia, and Antigone      Ã‚  Ã‚   Almost no Greek tragedy escapes the use of violence. The Medea, The Oresteia, Antigone, and other classic works of Grecian tragoidia all involve huge components of violence in many prominent places, and for all of these stories, violent action is an integral part of the play. Medea, especially, is a character worthy of note in this regard; her tumultuous life can be plotted accurately along a path of aggression and passionate fitsRead MoreMourners on Greek Vases: Remarks on the Social History of Women680 Words   |  3 Pagesvisual aids, Havelock interprets the settings and points out how the artists depicted the role of women through visual hierarchy and figure poses. Havelock continues to describe the role of women within this time period with the help of literary writings such as Medea and authors like Aristotle. Throughout ancient Greece there is an abundance of art and sculpture to study but what is lacking is the depiction of women in that art. Havelock refers to the temple of Zeus as to way to show cultural attitudesRead MoreHumanities Test4641 Words   |  19 Pages  ( T or F ) Aristotle was both a theater critic and a philosopher. True 3.   Aristotles famous analysis of tragedy is found in a work called: The Poetics 4.   Aristotles work on comedy is how long? 5 acts long 5. What did the Commedia dellearte specialize in? 6.   What is satire? a literary genre or form, although in practice it is also found in the graphic and performing arts, or a literary technique that attacks foolishness by making fun of it. 7. ( T or F ) The prophecies in OedipusRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s The Tempest 2603 Words   |  11 Pagesillegitimate children, whom Shakespeare is rumored to have , are not in his official will.2 Orgel also brings up the important factor of age. Shakespeare was married at eighteen.3 This reoccurring young age of marriage presents itself in many literary works. Orgel states that Shakespeare, like his heroines, married young. The young ages of his characters provide challenges. Miranda is fifteen years old when she gets married.4 The challenge of love presents itself with Miranda is not handledRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 PagesMarx’s economic theories as such: we shall confine our discussion to their methodological premises and implications. It will in any case be obvious to the reader that the present writer upholds the validity of their content. Secondly, a detailed analysis of Rosa Luxemburg’s thought is necessary because its seminal discoveries no less than its errors have had a decisive influence on the theories of Marxists outside Russia, above all in Germany. To some extent this influence persis ts to this day. ForRead MoreEssay about Addie Bundren in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying2831 Words   |  12 Pagesindirectly contributes to any amount of ultimate goodness that emerges from the story. Edward Wasidenk, for example, asserts that Addie is motivated by a desire for revenge, but duly notes that this is a conventional characteristic of many literary heroes.5 In this early-middle criticism there also emerged a firmer elucidation of the theme regarding the incongruence of word and act. In her criticism of this topic, Olga W. Vickery reflects: Any experience—love, marriage, motherhoodRead More The Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pagesthe embodiment of the two-faced Greek furies and Scylla and Charybdis joined together -- vengeful, unavoidable, and incomprehensible. Umuofia s men can compare to the ancient Greeks who were noted for similar female images such as Pandora, Circe, Medea, and Clytemnestra. In helpless, mortal dread of a fearsome divine female principle, they come down heavily indeed on ordinary women whose lives they can control as they like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A cursory look at the place of women in Achebes otherRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 PagesAkans; but Nigerias traditional culture, Muslim as well as non-Muslim, had been masculine-based even before the advent of the white man. The source, nature, and extent of female subordination and oppression have constituted a vexed problem in African literary debates. Writers such as Ama Ata Aidoo of Ghana and the late Flora Nwapa of Nigeria have insisted that the image of the helpless, dependent, unproductive African woman was one ushered in by European imperialists whose women lived that way. On theRead MoreAnalysis: Dogville30953 Words   |  124 Pageslà ¦ser rapporten. Abstract In this report an analysis of the film Dogville, 2003, directed by Lars von Trier, is carried out. At its premiere and in the debate, the film instigated, it was characterised as anti-American, moral, religious and so on. The starting point, from which the project has been produced, is the thesis that Dogville is a film that has a very complex form, which makes it hard to attribute certain attitudes to it. In the analysis, this thesis is investigated, and in the discussion

Sample Assignment On Short Term Memory Loss

Introduction One type of proof referred to in the different presence of a short memory originates from anterograde amnesia, the powerlessness to learn new actualities and scenes. Patients with this type of amnesia, have in the place capacity to hold little measures of data over the brief time scales (up to 30 seconds) however are significantly hindered in their capacity to structure longer-term memories. Hypothesis Different analysts have recommended that boosts get transformed in transient memory utilizing transmitter exhaustion. As indicated by this speculation, a jolt initiates a spatial example of movement crosswise over transmitters in a cerebrum locale. As these transmitters excite, the accessible neuro-transmitters in place are exhausted, and this example of consumption is notorious, speaking to boost data and capacities as a mind follow. The memory follows decay after some period as a result of neuro-transmitter re-uptake systems that recollect neuro-transmitters to the point that are in place in preceding jolt presentation. The test will compare the outcome among distinctive age categories. Gathering will be made of school understudies. The individuals in the gatherings are given the same word memory test and afterward look at the aftereffects of each one gathering and get the category that performed the best, and that which performed the most exceedingly terrible. The translation of the results gets made in connection with memory and age. Theory The connection amid short memory and long memory is portrayed contrastingly by different hypotheses. However, it is recognized that two ideas are unique. Long memory is a hypothetical structure that alludes to arrangements and techniques utilized for incidentally putting away and controlling data. According to this speculation, a boost enacts a spatial example of action crosswise over neurons in a cerebrum area. As these neurons fire, the accessible neurotransmitters in their store are exhausted, and this example of consumption is notorious, speaking to boost data and capacities as a memory follow. The memory follows decay over the long run as an outcome of neuro-transmitter reuptake components that restore neurotransmitters to the levels that exist in the preceding boost presentation. Whatever the reason or reasons for overlooking over the short memory, there is accord that it seriously constrains the measure of new data that one can hold over concise times of instances. The breaking point is alluded as a limited point of transient memory. The capacity of transient memory is regularly called memory compass, in reference to a typical strategy of measuring. In a test, the investigator put in place arrangements of things such as words of expanding the length. A singular's compass is resolved as a widest rundown length that one can review effectively in a presented request on in any event a large portion of all trials. Research has demonstrated that this seven" is generally exact for school understudies reviewing arrangements of digits, yet memory compass shifts broadly with populaces tried and with apparatus utilized. For instance, the capacity to review words in place relies upon various qualities of these words: limited words is possible to get reviewed when they have lengthy talked length of time; this is referred as expression length effect, or in a case the discourse sounds are like one another; this is known as the phonological likeness effect. The review of words can be done there are profoundly commonplace or oftentimes happen in the speaking. Recall execution is likewise better when the majority of phrases in a rundown are gotten from a solitary semantic classification, (for example, amusements) than when phrases are gotten from same group. Based on the accessible proof, the best general appraisal of transient memory is around four-pieces or "lumps" of information. In free review it gets indicated, despite what might be expected, that there like situation capacity does not exist but instead it is a capacity of memory reducing with time. Procedure The procedure is such that the groups arranged are given the words that every individual in the group memorizes. Then the students get paper and pen and write down the words that one can memorize in a period of two minutes. At the end of the process, the learners outcomes are sorted out, and comparison made detailing the best group and the worst group. The findings will then be made, and the conclusion drawn in relation to the objectives that were set.

The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay , tells the story of a woman punished for adultery, a guilty- cowardly- lover and an aging, vengeful, husband. One theme played out in this story is the effect sin has on the individual. Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth echo the theme of the effect of sin on the individual. 1Hester Prynne is a perfect example of the effect of sin on the individual through her physical isolation. 2Hester separated herself from town. 3Once released from jail Hester moves to .. . the outskirts of town We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now not in the vicinity of any other habitations(84). 3Hester separates herself from the rest of the town to seek shelter. 3 Once Hester settles into her abode a mystic shadow of suspicion immediately attached itself to that spot(85). 3Rumors immediately arose once she began living there.2The towns people would never associate or look like they associated with Hester. 3Where ever Hester stood a small vacant area formed itself about her(220). 3Not only did Hester separate herself from the community, but they had no desire to be close to her. Although Hester was a charitable woman, those in need insulted the hand that fed them(87). 3The lowliest and most wretched of the public refused to acknowledge her as an equal. 2The community not only alienated Hester but she was hated as well. 3After her release from prison people believed she should have . .. the brand of a hot iron.. . on her forehead or worse, been hanged (59). 3The women of the town had no sympathy for Hester or her child. 3When Hester entered church she found herself being . ..the text of the discourse(88). 3The sanctuary of the church could not save her from being made an example. 2The children in the town taunt and tease her. 3As she walked to the governors house the children wanted to fling mud at her. 3The children did not realize the seriousness of Hesters crime, but they did understand she was different and was mocked. 3As Hester ventured into town she found herself . ..pursued.. .at a distance with shrill cries, of the children (89).2Also Hesters sin causes her great humiliation. 3As people stared at the brand on Hesters bosom a . ..deeper throb of pain.. . coursed through her body (89). 3She suffered a .. .dreadful agony when the eye would rest upon her brand (89). 3People gazing onto her token caused Hester to suffer great pain and shame. 4Obviously, Hesters sin isolated her from the social aspect of town.1Reverand Arthur Dimmesdale shows his sin greatly through his physical changes. 2Dimmesdales physical changes where greatly noticed through his loss of weight. 3Throughout the story Dimmesdales figure grew emaciated(119). 3The Reverend would fast and perform vigil, long into the night, to seek enlightenment causing him to waste away. 3As the story concludes he begins to look .. .haggard and feeble(179). 3Dimmesdales guilt over his sin caused him to become sick and very weak. 2Arthurs change is also evident in the loss of color in his face. 3Dimmesdale had been seen to have a flush and then a paleness at the slightest startling (119). 3The slightest startling would turn him white as a sheet. 3After the reverend gave his election sermon he had a deathlike hue(234). 3The fact that all the life was drained out of this poor man was evident. 2Dimmesdale also experienced much pain. 3He was observed as having a behavior . ..indicative of pain(119). 3Arthur had suffered through a . ..gnawing and poisonous tooth of bodily pain(144). 3Arthurs sin and guilt had caused him great pain and suffering. .uf82fbec00003397b36b1a705ec0e6c91 , .uf82fbec00003397b36b1a705ec0e6c91 .postImageUrl , .uf82fbec00003397b36b1a705ec0e6c91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; 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vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf82fbec00003397b36b1a705ec0e6c91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Future Of Fiber Optics Essay 2Frequently, Dimmesdale had his hand pressed to his heart. 3Many times the minister had been seen with his hand over his heart (119). 3No one really knew why he did this, however Pearl believed that the Black Man set his mark in that place (179). 3Arthur Dimmesdale placed his hand over his heart as if he were trying to suppress pain, or keeps something hidden. 2Finally, Reverend Dimmesdales sin branded him.3He had feared that the entire universe was . ..gazing at a scarlet token on his naked breast.. .(144). 3His fears had come full circle as he tore away the ministerial band from before his breast, revealing his scarlet